Pediatric Graves’ Disease

Article Information

Article Type: Review article

Citation: Bansal S, Umpaichitra V, Desai N, PerezColon S (2015) Pediatric Graves’ Disease. Int J Endocr Metab Disord 1 (1): doi http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/ ijemd.104

Copyright:© 2015 Bansal S et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Publication history:

 Received date: 18 April, 2015

 Accepted date: 05 June, 2015

 Published date: 11 June, 2015

Authors

Shipra Bansal^1*#      Vatcharapan Umpaichitra^1#     Ninad Desai^2#      Sheila PerezColon^1*# 

¹Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kings County Hospital Center and SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
²Department of Pediatrics, Kings County Hospital Center and SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA

# These authors contributed equally

*Corresponding author: Shipra Bansal, MBBS, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Kings County Hospital Center and SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 445 Lenox road, Box 49, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA, Tel: 718 613 8605/8687; Fax: 718 613 8548; E-mail: shipra.bansal@downstate.edu

Sheila Perez-Colon, MD, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Kings County Hospital Center and SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 445 Lenox road, Box 49, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA, Tel: 718 613 8605/8687; Fax: 718 613 8548; E-mail: sheila.perez-colon@ downstate.edu

Abstract

Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children. It is characterized by suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone and elevated thyroxine levels with varying levels of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins; and evidence of increased iodine uptake on thyroid scan. It is a multisystem disease with interplay of genetics and environmental factors. Due to the insidious onset of symptoms, diagnosis is often delayed leading to poor growth and development. The disorder could present at any age including neonatal period due to transfer of maternal antibodies in context of maternal Graves’ disease. Herein, we review the current literature for Graves’ disease affecting children and adolescents.

Keywords

Graves’ disease; Hyperthyroidism; Children; Adolescents


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Effect of Alendronate on Bone Mineral Density in Post Menopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Sci Forschen

Article Information

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: Sachmechi I, Ahmed S, Joseph J, Reich D, Cardinal L, et al. (2015) Effect of Alendronate on Bone Mineral Density in Post Menopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocr Metab Disord 1 (1): doi http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/ijemd.103

Copyright: © 2015 Sachmechi I et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Publication history:

 Received date: 10 April, 2015

 Accepted date: 23 March, 2015

 Published date: 28 May, 2015


Authors

Issac Sachmechi^*      Saman Ahmed      Jalaja Joseph      David Reich      Lucien Cardinal      Paul Kim

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Services, Queens Hospital Center, USA

*Corresponding author: Issac Sachmechi, Queens Hospital Center/ Icahn School of Medicine at Sinai, 82-68 164th Street, Department of Medicine, Jamaica, NY 11432, USA, Tel: 718-883-4061; Fax: 718-883-6124; E-mail: Sachmeci@nychhc.org

Abstract

Aim: To perform a retrospective study to determine the effect of Bisphophanates on bone mineral density (BMD) in the late post-menopausal (PM) osteoporatic and osteopenic women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Method: In this retrospective case control study, 114 PM diabetic women over age 65 who took alendronate for at least 3 years, 43 of them had osteoporosis and 71 with osteopenia. The efficacy of therapy was measured by comparing a minimum of two BMD studies.

Result: The study (n=114) demonstrated statistical significant BMD gain (+3.1% and +1.9%) at the spine and hip respectively but statistically significant loss of BMD (-9.8%) at forearm (FA). There was statically significant correlation between body mass index (BMI) and BMD, in spine and hip but not in FA. We found negative correlation between A1C and BMD at all 3 sites, with a statically significant correlation observed at FA.

Conclusion: It appears that Bisphosphonates are not effective in preventing bone loss in the FA of diabetic post-menopausal women. In addition bisphosphonates therapy resulted in significant gains of BMD at the spine and hip. A larger study should be done to compare bisphosphonates to other modalities of therapy for osteoporosis in diabetic post menopausal patients.

Keywords

Post menopausal women; Diabetes; Osteoporosis; Alendronate; Bone mineral density


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Reduction of Weight in Morbid Obesity: Medical and Surgical Advance - Sci Forschen

Article Information

Article Type: Review article

Citation: Sliem HA, Alruthea MS, Ellethy AT, Alhazmi AA, Hamadan AH, et al. (2015) Reduction of Weight in Morbid Obesity: Medical and Surgical Advance. Int J Endocr Metab Disord 1 (1): doi http://dx.doi. org/10.16966/ijemd.102

Copyright: © 2015 Sliem HA et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Publication history:

 Received date: 16 March, 2015

 Accepted date:07 May, 2015

 Published date: 14 May, 2015


Authors
Hamdy Ahmad Sliem^1*      Mohammed Suleman Alruthea²      Abousree Taha Ellethy³      Alaa Abdullah Alhazmi⁴      Abdulrhman Hamad Hamadan⁵      Bassam Mohammad Hind
¹Internal Medicine, Qassim University-College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia
² Prosthodontic, Qassim University-College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia
³ Biochemistry, Qassim University-College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia
⁴General and Bariatric surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Saudi Arabia
⁵General Surgery, AL-Rass General Hospital, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding author: Prof. Hamdy Ahmad Sliem, Department of oral and medical basic sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, E-mail: Hamdy.sliem@yahoo.com

Abstract

Morbid obesity is a result of poor diet management, a lack of exercise and education. Excessive fat accumulation peripheral and visceral results in developing the major risk factors for causing more years of disability, morbidity and mortality. Unless the populations and medical societies take professional procedures for getting ideal problem solutions, numerous of serious recognized public health problems will be developed. Understanding the pathophysiological bases of morbid obesity is the corner stone to solve the problem. The aim of the present article is reviewing and discussing the bases of current applied management tools for controlling morbid obesity by assessing different trails in the last decade.

Keywords

Morbid obesity; Weight reduction; Bariatric surgery


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Endocrinology – quo vadis? - Sci Forschen

Article Information

Article Type: Editorial

Citation: Schatz H (2015) Endocrinology – quo vadis? Int J Endocr Metab Disord 1 (1): http://dx.doi. org/10.16966/ijemd.e101

Copyright: © 2015 Schatz H. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Publication history:

 Received date: 04 May, 2015

 Accepted date: 04 May, 2015

 Published date: 11 May, 2015


Authors

Helmut Schatz
Media Spokesman of the German Endocrine Society, Germany

Corresponding author: Helmut Schatz, Professor, Media Spokesman of the German Endocrine Society, Ruhr - University Bochum, Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D - 44789 Bochum, Germany, Tel: +49-234-302 6324; Fax: +49-234-302 6315; E-mail: helmut.schatz@rub.de


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Body Composition of Individuals with Mucopolysaccharidosis - Sci Forschen

Article Information

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: Marcelino CA, Oliveira CR, Gelelete CB, Horovitz DDG, da Silva RTB, et al. (2015) Body Composition of Individuals with Mucopolysaccharidosis. Int J Endocr Metab Disord 1 (1): http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/2380-548X.101

Copyright:© 2015 Marcelino CA et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Publication history:

 Received date: 25 March, 2015

 Accepted date:25 April, 2015

 Published date: 01 May, 2015

Authors :

Cristiano A Marcelino^1*      Camila R Oliveira¹      Cristina B Gelelete¹      Dafne DG Horovitz²      Raquel TB da Silva³      Patrícia S Vigário⁴      Márcia G Ribeiro^5
1Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ – Brazil² Department of Medical Genetics, Fernandes Figueira Institute (IFF), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), RJ – Brazil³ Department of Medical Genetics, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ – Brazil⁴ Rehabilitation Science Postgraduate Program, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), RJ – Brazil⁵ Department of Medical Genetics, Martagão Gesteira Institute of Pediatrics (IPPMG), UFRJ, RJ – Brazil

*Corresponding author: Cristiano de Abreu Marcelino, Internal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Maurício de Abreu, 2070 – Neves, São Gonçalo, RJ – Brazil 24425-300; E-mail: cmarcelino@ufrj.br

Abstract

Objective: To describe body composition of individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried on with a convenience sample of MPS individuals of both sexes, five years of age or older. Exclusion criteria: physical deformity, neurological problems or other associated syndrome, precluding full measure’s accomplishment. Body composition was estimated by anthropometric method, according to international standards. Accomplished measurements of skinfold, body girth, bone diameters, total body mass and stature were made. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percent (BF%) and body mass were calculated. Body composition was also evaluated through Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Twenty-three individuals were identified; three were excluded (cognitive deficit) and five losses occurred. Fifteen individuals were evaluated (average age = 12.1 ± 7.7 years); three MPS I, five MPS II, one MPS IV and six MPS VI. For DXA, eight were included (average age = 14.1 ± 9.8 years), six common to the anthropometric assessment. BMI average: 19.8 ± 3.8 kg/m²; BF% average: 13.9 ± 5.1%. Short stature was present in 76.9%, obesity in 25.0%, macrocephaly in 26.6%; osteoporosis in 25.0%. Perimeters’ measures increased with the increasing of age. Bone lengths were not always shortened and there was no pattern related to age and MPS type. No significant differences were observed between anthropometry and DXA. The results varied in the same type of MPS and in the same age group. Conclusions: Physical parameters were in agreement with literature, as short stature and macrocephaly. Measurements’ variations between different MPS types and among individuals of the same type strengthen the heterogeneity of this disease.

Keywords

Mucopolysaccharidosis; Anthropometry; Body composition; Children and adolescents

Figure 1: Distribution of body circumferences in relation to age

Figure 2:Distribution of the lengths of limbs in relation to age

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